Production of Liquid Organic Fertilizer from Pineapple Peel Waste Using EM4 as a Bioactivator
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Pineapple peel waste is an abundant agricultural residue that remains underutilized. This study aims to produce liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) from pineapple peels using EM4 bioactivator, cow manure, rice-washing water, and palm sugar through a 30-day fermentation process. Fermentation performance was monitored via daily temperature and pH, along with nutrient content analysis including nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and organic carbon (C-organic). The results showed temperature ranged from 27.9–32.3°C and pH between 3.0–4.0, within the optimal range for microbial activity. However, nutrient concentrations of N (0.153%), P (0.116%), K (0.105%), and C-organic (1.58%) did not meet the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 261/2019). This indicates that pineapple peel alone requires nutrient-rich additives to produce standard-compliant LOF. This study highlights the potential of pineapple peel waste as an eco-friendly LOF source, emphasizing the need for further formula optimization.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright and Licensing
For all articles published in Fullerene Journal of Chemistry, Authors retain some copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work. In addition, the article may be reused and quoted provided that the original published version is cited. These conditions allow for maximum use and exposure of the work while ensuring the authors receive proper credit.
Authors are free to:
- Share - copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt - remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution - You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions - You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices: You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation. No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.